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In power electronic systems where high and low voltages coexist and strong and weak currents are mixed, there is often an objective ground potential difference between the reference grounds of different modules due to differences in power supply systems and grounding methods.
At the same time, in industrial production processes, the high-frequency switching of key equipment such as frequency converters, inverters, and servo drives can also introduce strong electromagnetic interference (EMI) and common-mode voltage surges.
If such system circuits are not electrically isolated, these problems can lead to adverse effects such as signal sampling distortion, false triggering of control logic, breakdown and damage to sensitive chips and devices, and unstable system operation.
Especially in energy storage facilities such as energy storage cabinets, energy storage compartments, and energy storage power stations , there is a significant risk of strong and weak electrical coupling between high-voltage power circuits and low-voltage measurement and control systems.
However, through targeted electrical isolation design, the direct electrical connection between high and low voltage can be severed without affecting signal transmission and control logic, grounding current can be blocked, common-mode interference and surge intrusion can be suppressed, and the accurate transmission of battery voltage and current sampling and control signals can be ensured, thereby significantly improving the stability and safety redundancy of the energy storage system throughout its entire life cycle.
The electrical isolation scheme diagram below , in practical application architectures such as photovoltaic-storage integration and grid-connected energy storage, the MCU is the core processing unit on the low-voltage measurement and control side.
It usually operates at a safe level of around 3V and must be strictly isolated from interference and impacts from the high-voltage circuit.
A schematic diagram of an electrical isolation scheme for an energy storage system (integrated photovoltaic and energy storage grid connection).
By employing core chips such as basic digital isolators, isolation drivers, and isolation sampling, engineers can build a complete electrical protection system for energy storage systems.
This enables safe isolation between the MCU and the high-voltage power side, reliable data interaction between the MCU and the communication module, and ensures stable and accurate uploading of operational data to the external power dispatch center.
For example, MCUs can achieve high-voltage monitoring of bus voltage and efficient driving and control of power modules such as MPPT, bidirectional DC-DC, and inverters through isolation amplifiers and isolation gate drivers, thereby improving the operational safety and stability of energy storage systems from the bottom up and supporting the reliable operation of power systems.
HOPERF has launched a series of digital isolators with high isolation voltage, long life, strong anti-interference capability , high transmission rate and low transmission delay for various application scenarios such as energy storage, industrial control and new energy .
These are designed to effectively meet the stringent requirements of system-level safety , industry safety regulations and EMC .
For example, the CMT812X (2-channel), CMT804X (4-channel), and CMT826X (6-channel) series of standard capacitive isolators use silicon dioxide (SiO2 ) insulated gates, which not only support isolation voltages up to 5kV rms, surge capability of 8kV, and expected service life of more than 40 years, but also significantly enhance the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the devices, effectively meeting system-level ESD, EFT, surge, and radiation compliance requirements.
In energy storage systems, these chips are mainly used between the MCU and the communication module (serial bus or wireless radio frequency).
They can effectively eliminate ground loops and block noise (such as high-frequency noise generated by power switching devices) from being coupled to the communication link through the ground wire or signal line, thus ensuring the stability of data communication.
The CMT8602X is a series of enhanced isolated dual-channel gate drivers. With a peak source current of 4A and a peak sink current of 6A, it can drive power transistors up to 5MHz while offering best-in-class propagation delay and pulse width distortion.
The input side of the CMT8602X is isolated from the two output drivers by a 5700V rms enhanced isolation layer, with a minimum common-mode transient immunity (CMTI) of 150 kV/μs. Internal functional isolation exists between the two secondary-side drivers, supporting operating voltages up to 1500VDC.
In energy storage systems, the CMT8602X isolation driver chip is mainly used between the MCU and power devices (MPPT, bidirectional DC-DC, inverter).
It can achieve electrical safety isolation between the low-voltage control side and the high-voltage power side, avoid noise interference, effectively amplify the control signal to provide sufficient drive current, adapt to the high-frequency switching requirements of wide bandgap semiconductors, and integrate a failure protection mechanism to protect power devices in real time, thereby ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of the system.
In addition, the CMT130X series isolation amplifier is mainly used between the MCU and the high-voltage bus to monitor the voltage, current and temperature of photovoltaic arrays and energy storage battery packs in real time, thereby achieving efficient energy management of the system, extending equipment life and improving operating efficiency.
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