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Sub-GHz refers to wireless communication technologies operating at frequencies below 1 GHz, with common frequency bands including 315 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz. Leveraging the free-space propagation characteristics of radio waves, data is modulated onto a radio frequency carrier for transmission, enabling wireless communication between IoT devices. It serves as the "communication cornerstone" for efficient, stable, and seamless interaction among IoT devices.
Simplified diagram of a typical radio frequency (radio wave) transceiver circuit
In IoT fields such as industrial automation, smart cities, smart agriculture, and smart homes, industrial-grade communication protocols such as LoRa, Wi-SUN, Z-Wave, and Sigfox mostly operate in the Sub-GHz frequency band. It is precisely through Sub-GHz radio frequency technology that data information between sensors, IoT devices, control centers, and the cloud can be seamlessly interconnected, enabling remote control and intelligent management.
Compared to wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth that operate in the 2.4GHz band, Sub-GHz can achieve lower power consumption, longer transmission distance, more device access nodes, and more stable communication quality, making it particularly suitable for IoT devices with low data rates, low communication frequency, and battery power.
In terms of power consumption, because the communication frequency in the Sub-GHz band is relatively low, less power is required for low-speed transmission over the same communication distance, resulting in lower operating power consumption. This means that IoT devices using Sub-GHz radio frequency technology for networking can significantly extend battery life. For example, smart locks using high-power communication technologies like the 2.4GHz band typically require battery replacement every few months, while smart locks using Sub-GHz radio frequency technology can last for a year or even longer without battery replacement, greatly improving the user experience.
In terms of transmission distance, because the communication frequency in the Sub-GHz band is relatively low, and radio waves have the characteristic that the lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength, making it easier to penetrate obstacles such as walls and vegetation, their signal propagation distance is longer. Furthermore, Sub-GHz radio frequency technology can also achieve multi-hop communication through repeaters , further extending the communication distance. Seamless communication is possible even in areas where traditional signals are difficult to cover , easily achieving a communication range of hundreds of meters indoors and several kilometers outdoors.
In terms of device nodes, due to the relatively low communication frequency and large coverage area in the Sub-GHz band, it can accommodate a large number of network nodes. Meanwhile, communication protocols such as LoRa and Wi-SUN, operating in the Sub-GHz band, support various network topologies such as star and mesh, enabling multi-hop communication between devices and allowing massive numbers of low-power, low-speed devices to form large-scale networks in a self-organizing and self-healing manner.
In terms of communication quality, due to the relatively low communication frequency in the Sub-GHz band, there are fewer existing applications. It can operate in narrowband mode and can also be configured with frequency hopping technology, greatly enhancing the signal's anti-interference capability. Meanwhile, compared to the commonly used 2.4GHz band, the Sub-GHz band is less congested. The ISM band in this band is mostly used for low duty cycle links, resulting in lower equipment deployment density and a lower probability of signal interference, thus providing a cleaner environment for communication and ensuring communication quality.
It's worth noting that, in terms of networking costs, Sub-GHz radio frequency technology is relatively mature, resulting in lower R&D and production costs. Furthermore, in many IoT networking scenarios, using Sub-GHz radio frequency technology eliminates the need for infrastructure such as communication base stations and reduces the number of repeaters required, thereby lowering the overall communication networking cost of the IoT system.
many networking advantages such as low power consumption, long transmission distance, stable communication quality, low cost, and the ability to support a large number of device nodes , it has become the mainstream choice for building LPWAN in the Internet of Things (IoT) field. ( LPWAN is a low-power wide-area wireless network that uses low bit rate for long-distance communication , enabling efficient connection and data transmission between a large number of IoT devices . )
For example, HOPERF's independently developed RFM300 is a high-performance Sub-GHz wireless transceiver module that operates in multiple ISM bands such as 433MHz, 868MHz, and 915MHz. It adopts an advanced mixed-signal design, is based on an independently developed platform, and supports multiple modulation technologies such as FSK, GFSK, and OOK. It can flexibly adapt to different application scenarios and communication protocols, and achieve ultra-long-distance communication and ultra-wide signal coverage.
RFM300 Typical Application Circuit Diagram
RFM 300 Product Features :
Output power: +20 dBm for the RFM300H model, +13 dBm for the RFM300 model.
Programmable bit rate: up to 300 kbps in FSK mode, up to 40 kbps in OOK mode.
High sensitivity: as low as -120dBm
Supports FSK (Frequency Shift Keying), GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying), and OOK (On/Off Keying) modulation methods.
·Surface mount device (SMD) package, dimensions 16x16x1.8mm
RFM 300 application scenarios :
Meter reading system
Wireless data acquisition
·Car security system
Home automation and security systems
Looking ahead, with the continuous expansion and deepening of IoT application scenarios, the market demand for Sub-GHz radio frequency products will inevitably continue to grow , and Sub-GHz radio frequency technology will play an important role in more fields , bringing a more convenient, intelligent and green experience to our lives.